Croatia’s parliament voted on October 24 to reintroduce compulsory military service, nearly two decades after the Balkan country abolished conscription. 

The government says the move is aimed at strengthening national defence amid growing international security threats. There has also been a military buildup in the Western Balkan region recently. Previously, Croatia ended conscription in 2008, a year before joining Nato, as part of efforts to build a professional army.

Lawmakers in the 151-seat assembly approved amendments to defence legislation by a wide margin, paving the way for the return of mandatory service starting next year.

Under the new system, around 18,000 men will be called up annually for two months of basic training at the age of 18. Women will be exempt, while conscientious objectors will be able to serve three to four months in civil protection and emergency response roles.

Defence Minister Ivan Anušić said the decision reflects the government’s response to “a rise in various types of threats that demand swift and effective action from the broader community”, as quoted in a government statement. He cited Russia’s war in Ukraine and increasing natural disasters as key factors behind the policy shift.

Conscripts will receive monthly pay of €1,100, while compensation for those in civil service roles is still being discussed. The defence ministry said completing military service will also give participants an advantage when applying for jobs in public institutions.

Opposition lawmakers criticised the legislation as discriminatory, arguing that women and those opting for civilian roles would face lower pay and fewer employment benefits.