Russia is considering tighter regulation of machine-to-machine SIM cards and eSIMs, including additional user identification, restrictions on voice and SMS services, and a potential ban on registering eSIMs from abroad, Kommersant reported, citing sources in the telecoms, media and technology industry.

The move could mark another step in an ongoing regulatory campaign against virtual private networks and foreign internet access, tightening the state's grip on how Russians connect online.

The government is discussing the creation of a separate legal category for M2M SIM cards, which are used in devices such as sensors, ATMs, vehicles and other connected equipment. The proposals reportedly include mandatory additional identification of users and the removal of voice and SMS functionality, ensuring such cards are used solely for data transmission.

Sources familiar with discussions at the Digital Development Ministry said the measures could be included in a third package of anti-fraud amendments, although no final decision had been taken.

Industry participants confirmed that M2M SIM cards currently operate in a regulatory grey area. One telecommunications market source said such cards can be bought without registration through the Gosuslugi state services portal and are most often issued to corporate entities.

Operators can nevertheless identify whether a SIM card is being used in a mobile phone or in specialised equipment.